The Theory of Hydrosynthesis
By James A. Hayden, Sr.
05-01-2001
Ever since I was a small
child I have wondered how a tree that stands 100 feet tall can move water from
100 feet below the surface of the earth to 100 feet above the ground.
As a young boy, I was taught
that this is accomplished by extremely thin fibers that run the length of the
tree. That the water is somehow sucked
up the fibers and feeds the tree. Well
if this were true then why haven?t we been able to duplicate this process? I mean seriously, if this theory were true
we should be able to move large quantities of water up at least 100 floors
without having to use any form of a pump and with very little problem just like
the tree do.
The theory of Hydrosynthesis
simply stated is the movement of small quantities of water short distances in a
massive form. That is to say that in
every tree there are two sets of fibers.
There are the fibers that take the water up the tree and those that take
the water back down the tree. The
system is quite simple and can be duplicated very easily as I am about to
demonstrate. The what, I call; lifter
fibers are actually made up of very tiny cells as shown in figure 1.
fig. 1
These cells serve one
purpose that is to elevate a very small amount of water a very short
distance. They accomplish this by
utilizing a combination of atmospheric pressure and heat. The membrane between each individual cell
will only alow the water to pass through it in one direction. Then when the atmospheric conditions are
just right and the air temperature is above 50 degrees the water is heated that
is held within the individual cells is heated thus causing the water molecules
to expand as demonstrated in figure 2.
fig. 2
As the air temperature rises more water is able to be passed up the tree at a faster rate. When the temperature falls below 50 degrees the movement of the water is stopped and the water is held in the sells and is transformed into a thick solution called sap. This keeps the water from freezing in the winter and keeps the tree from rupturing from the expansion of the frozen water. Then in the spring when the air temperature rises above 50 degrees the sap is once again thinned by the addition of the rising water and the flow of water up the tree continues.
Now
altitude and air pressure also play a part in this process as different plants
and trees have different sizes of these lift cells. I mean the bigger the individual cell the more pressure it takes
to lift the water the same distance.
This would account for the fact that we find different types of trees
and plants at different elevations and no plants or trees on the tops of the
mountains. We know that at sea level
the air pressure is the greatest and the farther we get above sea level the
less air pressure there is. We also
know that in areas close sea level water acts differently than at higher
altitudes. For instance, it takes water
longer to boil at a higher altitude than it does at sea level at the same air
temperature. This helps to explain why
the difference between hard woods and soft woods.
While air temperature and atmospheric pressure play a very important part of the process it still is not enough to get the water from some 100 feet below the surface of the earth to the top of the tree. This is where the second type of fiber comes into play. These are the siphon fibers. These fibers are hollow tubes that extend the full length of the tree or plant as demonstrated in figure 3.
fig. 3
Therefore, since the tree only needs to siphon one cell at a time the amount of force needed is greatly reduced. That is to say, that as the water is sucked out of a single cell it creates a vacuum within the cell. This vacuum causes the water to rise from the lower cell until the air pressure within the cell is equalized. Since the siphoning action does not allow for the equalization of air pressure within the individual cells, there is a constant vacuum within each of the lifter cells. This creates the continuous flow of water up the tree from the roots up to the top of the tree.
Using
the formula, 
it is easy
to determine the amount of energy required to establish a continuous flow
of water through the lifter cells.
I have devised a way of testing my theory. By using 10 8oz yogurt containers, 2 14.5oz, 11 5½ in length of ¼ in tubing and a 16in 1/4in tube I hope to prove this theory.
To start with, I drilled a ½ in hole in the bottoms of each of the containers just off center. I then ran a piece of tubing through the ½? hole and glued it at the center of the tube as shown in figure 4.
fig. 4
Then I took 2 of the containers and glued them together with the tops of the containers facing each other as shown in figure 5.
fig. 5
This gave me 5 units or cells. I glued the 5 cells together as shown if figure 6.
fig. 6
I then took the 2 14.5 oz cans and drilled 2 holes in each. I drilled one ½ inch hole in the center of the bottom of each can and the other ¼ in from the bottom edge on the side of each can. Then I cut a ½ inch of the tubing and ran it through the holes on the sides of both cans. I then glued the 16 inch piece of tubing to center hole of one of the cans as shown in figure 7.
fig.7
I then glued the 2 cans to the top of the stack of cells and allowed them to dry completely. After I was sure the glue had completely dried which took about 48 hours I turned the apparatus upside down with the 2 cans at the bottom of the stack and poured water from a water hose into tube in the first cell. I continued filling the apparatus until water can pouring out of the 16 inch piece of tubing at the bottom. Without moving the water hose I placed my finger over the tube in the first cell and turning the apparatus up right again I placed the tube of the first cell into a bucket filled to the top with water as shown in figure 8.
I chose to glue my chambers together to achieve the maximum air tightness due largely to the lack of proper design equipment. I felt that at this point of my research it is more important to demonstrate that the system works more than design appearance. The slightest air leak and the entire project will not work. Since my main goal is to raise 5 ounces of water 31/4 inches in each of the chambers in a chain reaction and not all at once sealing each individual chamber is necessary. In the future, I hope to design airtight chambers that are made of plastic and snap together to create an airtight seal.
Findings
I
found that the water did in fact rise to the top of the apparatus and continued
flowing for more than 2 days.
You can see a demonstration of this at Demo .Since I have accomplished creating a flow up to 4 feet 111/2 inches I
feel confident that I will be able to raise any amount of water I want to
whatever elevation I want or need. While I have been able to establish and maintain a continous flow it was short lives. As soon as the glue I am using broke down the vacuum seal was ruptured and air was allowed to disrupt the flow. It is for this reason that I need the 3D System's Virper Solid Model Printer. I have the computer files I need to produce the solid models I need to use for my further experiments.
I
need this machine to correct any flaws in my designs and so I will eventually
be able to have casts made of the parts and components of my invention. Please
remember that this is a research project. That means that the ideas I have
today may and usually do change tomorrow as I experiment with different ideas
and designs.
Conclusion
From this experiment, I find
that it is possible to draw large amounts of water great distances by moving
small amounts of water small distances at a time without using a pump or other
mechanical device to force the water through the system. From this I can conclude that this is the
way trees draw water from the ground.
Since my experiment is successful, I can safely assume that it is highly
possible to draw water from any depth in the ground to any desired height above
the ground without having to use any other source or pumping device.
Notice: All ideas, theories
and design features on this website are mine alone and may not be copied by any
means electrical or otherwise. The
patent on my designs are patent pending and may not be used by any other person
without my express written consent. The
sole purpose of posting this information on the Internet is for fund raising
purposes only and any other claims or representations by anyone else is strictly
forbidden. 05-01-2001